Integrating tables and charts into text cohesively

I'm writing [WORK] and need to integrate visuals (tables, charts) into the text cohesively. Teach me: how to introduce the visual in the text (call-out), how to comment/interpret the data without just repeating it, correct captioning and numbering, and how to make the visual speak to the argument. Goal: visuals that reinforce the text, not floating around like decoration.